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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(4): 459-466, abr. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-484921

ABSTRACT

Background: Patients with valvular heart disease are at high risk of acute renal failure after surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Aim: To describe changes in renal function parameters during surgery with extracorporeal circulation in patients with valvular heart disease and compare them with those found in patients undergoing elective coronary surgery Material and Methods: Two groups of patients were studied. Group 1 was composed by twelve patients undergoing elective coronary surgery and group 2 was composed by eleven patients undergoing surgery for heart valve replacement. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma now were estimated from inulin and the 131 I-hippuran clearance respectively, at five different times, during surgery and the postoperative period. Sodium filtration fraction and fractional excretion were calculated. Alpha and pi-glutathione s-transferase in urine were measured as markers of tubular damage in the pre and postoperative periods. Results: Effective renal plasma flow was reduced in both groups before induction of anesthesia, did not change during surgery and decreased significantly in patients with valvular disease in the postoperative period. Glomerular filtration rates were normal during all the study period. There was a non significant reduction of filtration fraction during extracorporeal circulation. Alpha and pi glutathione s-transferases were normal and did not change. Fractional excretion of sodium increased significantly postoperatively Conclusions: In patients with valvular disease undergoing surgery with extracorporeal circulation, renal function does not deteriorate. No significant difference was found when compared with patients undergoing coronary surgery. No evidence of functional and cellular renal disfunction or damage was found in both study groups.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Extracorporeal Circulation , Heart Valve Diseases/surgery , Kidney Function Tests , Kidney/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology , Intraoperative Period , Kidney Tubules/physiology , Prospective Studies , Renal Circulation/physiology , Statistics, Nonparametric
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 130(2): 132-142, feb. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, MINSALCHILE | ID: lil-313175

ABSTRACT

Background: The implantation of pacemakers improves cardiac function and quality of life, in particular with dual chamber DDD and DDDR modes. Aim: To evaluate our clinical experience and results on pacemaker implantation, from 1963 to 1998. Material and methods: Computerized data collected from 2,445 consecutive paced patients was reviewed. A total of 3,554 operative procedures were performed, including 412 procedures for complications and 697 pacemaker replacement. Patient survival was determined from clinical records, inquiry to pacemaker manufacturers and death certificates from Servicio de Registro Civil e Identificaci-n de Chile (Chilean Civil and Identification Registry). Results: Use of dual chamber (DDD and DDDR) pacemakers increased progressively up to 74 percent from 1988 to 1998. Complication rate was 42 percent in the 1963-1976 study period, it decreased to 10.6 percent in the 1977-1987 study period, and to 5.6 percent by 1988-1998. Only two patients died during surgery in the study period (0.08 percent). In the 1977-1987 period, pacemakers lasted 10.6 years. Survival rates were 52 percent at ten years, 33 percent at 15 years, and 21 percent at 20 years, with a median survival of 11.7 years, and 7.24 years in patients over 80 years old. Conclusions: Transvenous permanent pacing can be accomplished today with a low complication rate, mainly due to better technology and surgical procedures


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pacemaker, Artificial , Cardiovascular Diseases , Sick Sinus Syndrome
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(1): 53-8, ene. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-258087

ABSTRACT

Background: Endarterectomy is the treatment of choice for internal carotid artery critical stenosis. Some authors have proposed that the use of regional anesthesia has advantages over general anesthesia. Aim: To report our initial experience with carotid endarterectomy under regional anesthesia. Patients and methods: Between 1998 and 1999, patients with critical carotid artery stenosis, asymptomatic or with transient and recovered symptoms, were selected. A C2, C3, C4 root deep cervical block and superficial block was performed, using a mixture of lidocaine and bupivacaine. A carotid endarterectomy with patch and without routine shunt insertion, with standard and neurological monitoring, was performed. Results: During the study period, 94 carotid endarterectomies were done, 22 under regional anesthesia in 21 patients (12 male, age range 58-90 years old). Ninety five percent had hypertension, 52 percent smoked and 38 percent had renal dysfunction. One patient was converted to general anesthesia. Seventeen patients were discharged within 48 hours of the procedure and the rest, within 72 hours. There was no mortality or complications. Conclusions: Endarterectomy under regional anesthesia is less invasive, has excellent results and is well accepted by patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronary Disease/surgery , Anesthesia, Conduction/methods , Endarterectomy, Carotid/methods , Diabetes Mellitus/complications , Hyperlipidemias/complications , Hypertension/complications
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 127(3): 341-8, mar. 1999.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-243801

ABSTRACT

The immune response is partly regulated by the nervous system, that involves endogenous opioids, stimulating or depressing immune responses. Opioids modulate immune response by indirect and direct mechanisms. Indirect modulation occurs when the activation of opioid receptors within the nervous system modifies the activity of neuroendocrine axes or neurotransmission pathways. Direct modulation results from the effects of opioids on immune system cells. This requires the expression of membrane opioid receptors in these cells. Immunomodulating effects of morphine would be a result of the integration of indirect and direct effects. In animal models, morphine transiently depresses cellular and humoral immunity. In humans, morphine has similar effects; however, the real impact of morphine administration on the immune response in clinical situations in not yet known


Subject(s)
Humans , Immune System/drug effects , Narcotics/pharmacology , B-Lymphocytes/drug effects , B-Lymphocytes/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Morphine/pharmacology , Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Killer Cells, Natural , Killer Cells, Natural/immunology , Narcotics/immunology , Immune Tolerance
8.
Biol. Res ; 32(2/3): 93-100, 1999. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-256398

ABSTRACT

A simplified model for the arterial pressure control system was implemented on a personal computer using Matlab Simulink. Model responsees to variations of systemic vascular resistance were comparable to those predicted by physiology. Computer simulation suggested that including this model of the internal pressure control system within the design of an external controller would achieve better arterial pressure control and faster response than previous systems.


Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/physiology , Models, Theoretical , Reaction Time
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 126(8): 993-1000, ago. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-232946

ABSTRACT

General anesthesia is defined by reversible unconsciousness, lack of response to noxious stimuli, and amnesia, induced by chemical agents. Mechanisms underlying the anesthetic effect are not known. The most prevalent belief was that anesthetic drugs acted on the lipid cell membranes, based on the correlation between oil solubility and anesthetic potency. Later, it has been proposed that anesthetic agents act on specific proteins of the cellular membrane of neurons. Voltage-gated ionic channels are inhibited by anesthetic agents, being some subtypes more sensitive. Clinical concentration of anesthetic agents inhibit or stimulate excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors, respectively. Specific receptor agonists and antagonists modify this effect. Intercellular channels (gap junctions) are also affected by anesthetic agents through direct interaction with some of their protein subunits. Thus, anesthesia would result from combined effects on specific proteins acting on neural cell excitability as well as transmission and propagation of nerve impulses


Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthetics, General/pharmacokinetics , Ion Channels , Neural Conduction
10.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 17(2): 59-66, abr.-jun. 1998. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-231646

ABSTRACT

La presión crítica de cierre se atribuye a colapso microvascular, debido a vasoconstricción o a presión perivascular elevada. Las características físicas no newtonianas de la sangre podrían ser también importantes. Para establecer si cambios de la viscosidad sanguínea afectan a la presión crítica, se estudió el efecto de hemodilución aguda normovolémica. Se usaron once perros anestesiados con pentobarbital y ventilados mecánicamente, a los cuales se midió presión arterial central y péríférica con catéteres Millar, y flujo mediante transductor electromagnético en aorta proximal. La presión crítica de cierre se midió por extrapolación del decaimiento exponencial de la presión atierial luego de ocluir la aorta por 3 segundos. Se realizaron mediciones control y luego de administrar fenilefrina y nitroprusiato. Luego se realizó hemodilución sustituyendo 30 a 35 ml/kg de sangre con suero fisiológico, disminuyendo el microhematocrito desde 39 ñ 11 por ciento a 26 ñ 5 por ciento. Luego se repitieron las mediciones y las drogas vasoactivas. Fenilefrina aumentó y nitroprusiato disminuyó la presión crítica de cierre, antes y después de hemodilución. La presión crítica disminuyó con la hemodilución de 44 ñ 8 a 35 ñ 7 mmhg (p<0,05). El gasto cardíaco promedío aumentó 70 por ciento, con disminución proporcional de la resistencia vascular. La disminución de la presión crítica de cierre frente a la hemodilución aguda normovolémica sugiere que ésta resulta en parte de las características físicas de la sangre. Sin, embargo, cambios de tono vascular también la afectan, por lo que su origen es probablemente multifactorial


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Hemodilution/methods , Nitroprusside/pharmacology , Phenylephrine/pharmacology , Blood Viscosity , Closing Volume/drug effects , Closing Volume/physiology , Hematocrit , Thoracotomy , Vascular Resistance
11.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 17(2): 76-83, abr.-jun. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-231648

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un sistema experto capaz de integrar la información de siete variables fisiológicas de pacientes en cirugía y postoperatorio cardiovascular. El sistema está basado en lógica difusa y funciona bajo condiciones de información ruidosa o incompleta. El estado del paciente es estimado por medio de análisis simultáneo de las variables e integración de ellas. Las alarmas son reportadas en forma unificada por medio de un mensaje escrito en la pantalla. El sistema fue implementado en un computador personal para vigilancia continua y simultánea de hasta 9 pacientes. El sistema fue comparado con monitores convencionales (SpaceLabsTM PC2) en 20 cirugías cardíacas. Las alarmas reportadas por cada sistema fueron registradas por dos observadores expertos (un médico, un ingeniero) y clasificadas como verdaderas o falsas. Un 75 por ciento de las alarmas reportadas por los monitores convencionales fueron falsas, mientras que menos de un 1 por ciento de las alarmas reportadas por el sistema experto fueron falsas. La sensibilidad de los monitores convencionales fue de 79 por ciento y la del sistema experto de un 92 por ciento. El valor predictivo positivo fue un 31 por ciento con los monitores convencionales y un 97 por ciento con el sistema experto. En conclusion, la confiabilidad de las alarmas mejoró significativamente al integrar información de varias variables, reduciendo notablemente la frecuencia de alarmas falsas. La lógica difusa fue una herramienta poderosa y útil para integrar información fisiológica


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures , Monitoring, Intraoperative , Postoperative Care , Monitoring, Intraoperative/instrumentation , Postoperative Care/instrumentation , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity
12.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 17(2): 84-91, abr.-jun. 1998. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-231649

ABSTRACT

La disección aguda de la aorta ascendente (DAAA) constituye una patología con cifras de mortalidad que alcanzan al 25 por ciento a 24 hrs y más del 50 por ciento a la semana. La reparación quirúrgica precoz es la única alternativa de tratamiento eficaz. Sin embargo, su morbimortalidad continúa siendo elevada. En los últimos años ésta ha disminuido por la introducción de nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas y de manejo intraoperatorio. Entre 1985 y junio de 1997 operamos 65 pacientes (pts) con DAAA, 45 hombres (70 por ciento), edad promedio 52,2 ñ 13,1 años. Un 66 por ciento eran hipertensos y 14 por ciento tenían Síndrome de Marfán. El dolor fue el síntoma de presentación en 94 por ciento y un tercio de los pts se presentó con insuficiencia aórlica masiva o taponamiento en shock cardiogénico. Como examen diagnóstico se utilizó el TAC en 36 pts, angiografía en 27, ecocardiograma de superficie en 40 y transesofágico en 29. La localización más frecuente de la ruptura intimal fue la aorta ascendente (75 por ciento). Un 72 por ciento de los pts fueron operados con menos de 24 h de evolución. En 37pts se utilizó el paro circulatorio en hipotermia profunda y en 28 se asoció perfusión cerebral retrógrada. Los tiempos promedio de CEC, clampeo aótico y paro circulatotio fueron 170, 96 y 40 m, respectivamente. En todos los pts se reemplazó la aorta ascendente, además el arco proximal en 3. En 11 se utilizó un tubo compuesto. En 9 se efectuó RVA y suspensión de velos en 22. En 5 se agregó bypass coronario y en 15 se reimplantó uno o ambos ostium coronarios. La mortalidad operatoria global fue 24 por ciento (16/65). Desde 1995 ha disminuido a 12 por ciento (2/16). Las complicaciones post operatorias fueron: sangramiento 12, IRA y diálisis 3 y AVE en 3 pts. Se completó el seguimiento a un 97 por ciento de los pts con un promedio de 35 meses; tres pts fallecen de progresión de su enfermedad aneurismática y 7 de otras causas. La sobrevida actuarial a 5 años fue de 78 por ciento. En conclusión: nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas y de manejo intraoperatorio sumado a la experiencia acumulada, han permitido disminuir la morbimortalidad perioperatoria en la DAAA y ofrecer adecuada sobrevida a mediano plazo


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures , Aortic Rupture/surgery , Disease-Free Survival , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/etiology , Marfan Syndrome , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Aortic Rupture/complications , Aortic Rupture/diagnosis , Shock, Cardiogenic/etiology
13.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 126(1): 63-74, ene. 1998. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-210411

ABSTRACT

Background: Since the first surgical coronary revascularization done in Chile in 1971, 5000 such procedures bave been performed. Aim: To assess the long term results of coronary revascularization surgery in our institution and to identify prognostic factors. Patients and methods: Five groups of 100 patients each, composed by the first consecutive patients subjected exclusively to coronary bypass surgery in the years 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990 and 1995 were retrospectively studied. Results: Mean age of Patients increased from a median of 52 years old in 1975 to 62 yean old in 1995. No changes in the frequency of diabetes, hypertension, high serum cholesterol or prvious mycardial infarction were observed. There was an increase in the Proportion of patients with a recent (< 30 days) infarction that were operated along time. Seventy percent of patients had triple vessel disease or LMT and this proportion did not change. The number of grafts per patients increased form 1.9 to 3.4 and the use of arterial conduits from 0.18 to 0.81. Perioperative mortality remained constant and was 1.6 percent. Follow up information was obtained for 93 percent of 492 survivors. Actuarial survival at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years was 93ñ1, 82ñ2, 62ñ3 and 41ñ4 percent respectively. Ninety eight ñO.7, 89ñ2, 73ñ4 and 65ñ5 percent of patients remained free of a new myocardial infarction in the same lapses, respectively. Ninety seven ñl, 94ñ2, 76ñ4 and 47ñ7 percent of patients remained free of a new operation. Stepwise logistical regression analysis identified as bad Prognostic factors, in decreasing order: cardiac failure, diabetes, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and age at the moment of operation. Conclusions: Coronary artery bypass surgery provides good and long lasting clinical improvement. The prognosis of patients is influenced by the presence of cardiac failure, some well known coronary risk factors and age at the moment of operation


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Coronary Disease/surgery , Thoracic Surgery/trends , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/trends , Postoperative Complications , Smoking , Coronary Artery Bypass/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Survivors/statistics & numerical data , Diabetes Mellitus , Intraoperative Complications , Angina Pectoris , Myocardial Infarction , Age Distribution , Sex Distribution , Hypertension/epidemiology , Prognosis , Myocardial Revascularization/statistics & numerical data
15.
Rev. chil. anest ; 26(2): 121-8, dic. 1997. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-290332

ABSTRACT

Estudiamos el efecto de la hemodilución normovolémica sobre la presión arterial y periférica. A once perros anestesiados con pentobarbital y ventilados mecánicamente se les midió con catéteres Millar la presión arterial central y periférica, ubicando transductores en aorta y arteria femoral superficial respectivamente. En aorta torácica se instaló transductor electromagnético de flujo. Se administró fenilefrina (FNF) 0,4 y 1 µg/kg. y nitroprusiato (NTP) 2 y 4 µg/kg. Se midió presiones asistólica, diastólica y media, tanto central como periférica, así como flujo medio y presión crítica de cierre (PCC). La PCC se determinó por extrapolación del decaimiento exponencial de la presión arterial cuando el flujo sanguíneo se detuvo mecánicamente. Estas mediciones se realizaron en condiciones basal y alcanzado el máximo efecto de las drogas. Luego se realizó hemodilución extrayendo 30 a 35 ml/kl de sangre, y reponiendo suero fisiológico temperado, manteniendo constante la presión arterial sistólica. Finalmente se procedió a repetir las drogas vasoactivas y las mediciones hemodinámicas respectivas. La hemodilución disminuyó la PCC y la resistencia, con el consecuente aumento el flujo, sin alterar la presión arterial media. La disminución en la resistencia ocurrió independientemente de si en su cálculo se consideró o no la PCC. los efectos de FNF y NTP sobre la presión arterial central y periférica estuvieron de acuerdo a su farmacología y se mantuvieron después de la hemodilución. Sin embargo, hemodilución más NTP disminuyó la diferencia entre las presiones arteriales sistólicas periférica central. Estos resultados nos sugiere que la PCC está determinada, en parte, por las características reológicas de sangre


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Hemodilution/methods , Blood Pressure/physiology , Hemodilution/instrumentation , Nitroprusside/administration & dosage , Nitroprusside/pharmacology , Phenylephrine/administration & dosage , Phenylephrine/pharmacology , Blood Pressure , Central Venous Pressure/physiology , Transducers, Pressure
16.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 16(4): 187-92, oct.-dic. 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-216450

ABSTRACT

El cálculo habitual de resistencia vascular sistémica (SVR) asume que la circulación se comporta como una resistencia, o sea, que relaciona en forma lineal los valores de presión y flujo medios. Por analogía con la ley de Ohm se utiliza la ecuación SVR=(PAM-PVC)/DC, es decir, la caída de presión entre los territorios arterial y venoso dividida por el débito cardíaco. Esta ecuación es usada universalmente en clínica y en investigaciones fisiológicas, aunque debiera ser obvio que es una sobre símplícación. La definición matemática de resistencia es la pendiente de la función presión/flujo, la que resulta difícil de determinar en pacientes. Para establecer si la ecuación SVR=(PAM-PVC)/DC es apropiada, determinamos experimentalmente la relación presión/flujo en 30 pacientes bajo circulación extracorpórea. La relación encontrada no correspondió a la ecuación arríba citada, ya que la presión a flujo cero (P0) resultó en todos los pacientes significativamente mayor que PVC. La pendiente de la relación presíón/flujo determinada experimentalmente, o sea la resistencia propiamente tal corresponde en realidad a la ecuación R=(PAM P0)/DC. Usando esta fórmula se obtienen valores de resistencia menores que usando la ecuación habitual, y no se confirma que la resistencia sea inversamente proporcional al débito cardíaco, como ha sido publicado


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Vascular Resistance/physiology , Blood Pressure Determination , Extracorporeal Circulation/methods , Hemodynamics , Myocardial Revascularization/methods
17.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 16(4): 193-9, oct.-dic. 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-216451

ABSTRACT

Se estudiaron prospectivamente 17 pacientes con función renal preoperatoría alterada (creatininemia plasmática> 1,5 mg/dl) sometidos a cirugía con circulación extracorpórea. Los pacientes fueron randomizados a dos esquemas de protección renal. Grupo 1: Dopamina 2 ug/kg/min y grupo 2: Presión de perfusión elevada (70 mm Hg) durante circulación extracorpórea. Se midió filtración glomerular y flujo plasmático renal efectívo como clearances de inulina e 1251-hippuran, antes de la anestesia, durante la disección de la arteria mamaría, en circulación extracorpórea (hipotermia y normotermia), cierre del esternón y una hora del postoperatorío. Se midió además díuresís, electrolitos en sangre y orina, y clearances de creatinina, osmolar y de agua libre. La filtración glomerular durante la cirugía, antes de circulación extracorpórea, fue signifícativamente mayor en el grupo dopamina. Hubo tendencia a la disminución de la filtración glomerular durante la fase de hipotermia en ambos grupos. Por otra parte, el flujo plasmático renal efectivo aumentó discretamente respecto del control durante hipotermia en ambos grupos. Se encontró diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos durante cirugía, antes de circulación extracorpórea, en volumen urinario G1 (2,00 ñ 1,67 mL/min) vs G2 (0,29 ñ 0,19 mL/min), osmolaridad urinaria G1 (370 ñ 11 mL/min) vs G2 (627 ñ 157 mL/min), clearance osmolar G1 (2,15 ñ 1,42 mL/min) vs G2 (0,68 ñ 0,37 mL/mín), y potasio urinario G1 (33,1 ñ 12 mEq/L) vs G2 (71,1 ñ 23,7 mEq/L). Estos hallazgos sugieren un efecto de la dopamina sobre factores prerrenales en estos pacientes, ya que en los pacientes que no recibieron dopamina los valores encontrados son sugerentes de vasoconstricción renal


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Dopamine/pharmacology , Renal Insufficiency/drug therapy , Extracorporeal Circulation/methods , Creatinine/blood , Creatinine/urine , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Osmolar Concentration , Prospective Studies , Renal Insufficiency/surgery , Myocardial Revascularization/methods
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 125(4): 391-401, abr. 1997. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-196282

ABSTRACT

Patients and methods: One hundred and eight randomly selected patients who received one mammary artery for myocardial revascularization and 108 patients, matched for prognostic factors, who received two mammary arteries were studied. These patients were followed for a mean of 4 years (range 1 to 12 years). Operative complications, hospital mortality and long term probability of being free of disease were compared in both groups. Results: Operative mortality was similar in both groups (0,9 percent). Patients that received two mammary arteries had a higher frequency of operative wound complications. Long term survival was 84 per cente in patients who received one and 83 per cente in patients who received two mammary arteries. The probabilities of being free of myocardial infarction (92 and 82 percent respectively) and angina (94 and 86 percent respectively) were lower in the later group. Conclusions: Patients who received two mammary arteries had a higher probability of a long term disease free survival than patients who received one mammary artery


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Coronary Disease/surgery , Myocardial Revascularization/methods , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Follow-Up Studies , Disease-Free Survival , Angina, Unstable/surgery , Myocardial Infarction/surgery
19.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 125(4): 425-32, abr. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-196286

ABSTRACT

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) usually undergo progressive dilatation and eventually may rupture,complication that caries a high mortality rate. If certain clinical conditions, like operative risk and aortic diameter are met, all patients should be considered for surgical repair. Analysis of our results with the surgical treatment of asymptomatic AAA prompted this stydy. Our of 479 consecutive patients operated because of AAA between 1976 and 1995, 378 (79 percent) were electively treated. Two decades: 1976-85 (101 patients) and 1986-95 (277 patients) were compared as far as associated medical conditions, surgical procedures, complications and mortality rate. There was no difference in age, sex, risk factors and aortic diameter. During the second decade we favoured the use of aortic tube grafts (53 percent vs 25 percent, p < 0.01) and epidural anesthesia (95 percent vs 35 percent, p < 0.01). During the last decade only 53.3 percent of the patients received blood transfusion, compared to 95.3 percent during the first period (p < 0.001). Operative mortality decreased from 5.94 percent to 0.72 percent (p < 0.05). Postoperative hospital stay diminished from 11.2 ñ 8.2 to 9.6 ñ 6.3 days (p < 0.05). These results compare favourable with those reported from other academic centers and support our therapeutic approach. Our contemporary surgical results serve as a reference for future clinical evaluation of endovascular procedures currently under investigation


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Thoracic Surgery , Elective Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Anesthesia , Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/complications
20.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 124(1): 37-44, ene. 1996. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-173302

ABSTRACT

Revascularization significantly improves early and late prognosis in acute myocardial infarction and has prompted substantial changes in therapeutic strategies. We report 140 patients aged 60.3 years old (123 male) operated within 15 days of sustaining an acute myocardial infarction, between january 1984 and december 1989. Coronary angiogram showed single vessel disease single vessel disease in 8 (6 percent), double vessel disease in 32 (23 percent), triple vessel disease in 85 (61 percent) and left main vessel disease in 13 (9 percent). Indications for surgery were ponstinfarction angina in 92 patients (66 percent), multiple severe coronary stenosis in 18 (13 percent), infarction of less than six hours from onset in 16 (11 percent), acute angioplasty failure in 7 (5 percent) and cardiogenic shock in 7 (5 percent). Thirty one patients were operated during the initial 24 h of infarction (16 with less than 6 h) 14 between the second and third day and 95 between the fourth and fifteenth day. Overall mortality was 4.3 percent (6/140). Among patients with failed angioplasty and cardiogenic shock, mortality was 23 percent (7/140), among patients with postinfarction angina this figure was 2.1 percent (2/92). Five years actuarial survival was 95 percent and the actuarial probability of being free of acute myocardial infarction, angioplasty or reoperation at five years was 99 and 100 percent respectively. It is concluded that early surgical revascularization in acute myocardial infarction is safe and has excellent long term results


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/surgery , Myocardial Revascularization/methods , Risk Factors , Intraoperative Period/mortality , Actuarial Analysis , Coronary Angiography/methods , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis , Stroke Volume/physiology
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